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2013年03月26日09:25 | 中国发展门户网 www.chinagate.cn | 给编辑写信 字号：T|T

四是坚持实施科教兴国战略，增强经济社会发展的核心支撑能力。我们加快实施国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要，制定实施国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要、国家中长期人才发展规划纲要和国家知识产权战略，推动科技、教育、文化事业全面发展，为国家长远发展奠定了坚实基础。

优先发展教育事业。国家财政性教育经费支出五年累计7.79万亿元，年均增长21.58%，2012年占国内生产总值比例达到4%。教育资源重点向农村、边远、民族、贫困地区倾斜，教育公平取得明显进步。全面实现城乡九年免费义务教育，惠及1.6亿学生。实施学前教育三年行动计划，“入园难”问题有所缓解。国家助学制度不断完善，建立了家庭经济困难学生资助体系，实现从学前教育到研究生教育各个阶段全覆盖，每年资助金额近1000亿元，资助学生近8000万人次。实施中等职业教育免学费政策，覆盖范围包括所有农村学生、城市涉农专业学生和家庭经济困难学生。初步解决进城务工人员随迁子女在城市接受义务教育问题，现有1260万农村户籍孩子在城市接受义务教育。实施惠及3000多万农村义务教育阶段学生营养改善计划。完成中小学校舍安全工程。加快职业教育基础能力和特殊教育基础设施建设。义务教育学校实施绩效工资，在教育部直属师范大学实行师范生免费教育，加强了农村教师队伍建设。全面提高教育质量和水平，高等教育毛入学率提高到30%。国民受教育程度大幅提升，15岁以上人口平均受教育年限达到9年以上。

大力推动自主创新。中央财政用于科技的投入五年累计8729亿元，年均增长超过18%。全社会研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总值的比重由2007年的1.4%提高到2012年的1.97%，企业研发活动支出占比超过74%。出台深化科技体制改革加快国家创新体系建设的意见。深入实施国家技术创新工程和知识创新工程，扎实推进国家科技重大专项，新建一批国家工程中心、重点实验室和企业技术中心。加强基础研究和前沿探索，突破一批关键核心技术，填补了多项重大产品和装备的空白。

深入实施人才强国战略。以高层次、高技能人才为重点，加强各类人才队伍建设，专业技术人才、高技能人才分别增加860万人和880万人，留学回国人员达到54万人。

大力加强文化建设。覆盖城乡的公共文化设施网络体系初步建成，博物馆、图书馆、文化馆（站）实现免费开放。国有经营性文化单位转企改制任务基本完成，公益性文化事业单位内部机制改革不断深化。哲学社会科学、开云网页版-开云（中国）官方在线登录出版、广播影视、文学艺术等更加繁荣，文化产业快速发展。文物保护、非物质文化遗产保护和传承取得重要进展。对外文化交流更加活跃。全民健身和竞技体育取得新成绩。

4. Steadfastly implementing the strategy for making China strong through the development of science and education, and boosting the country's core ability to sustain economic and social development

We accelerated implementation of the National Plan for Long- and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development; formulated and implemented the National Plan for Long- and Medium-Term Education Reform and Development, the National Plan for Long- and Medium-Term Development of Competent Personnel and the national strategy on intellectual property rights. This gave impetus to all-around progress in science and technology, education, and culture and laid a solid foundation for ensuring China's long-term development.

We gave high priority to developing education. Government spending on education totaled 7.79 trillion yuan over the past five years, increasing at an average annual rate of 21.58% to reach 4% of GDP in 2012. We allocated educational resources, giving priority to rural, remote, poor and ethnic minority areas and made notable progress in improving fairness in education. We made free nine-year compulsory education universal across the country, benefiting 160 million students. A three-year action plan for preschool education was carried out, and the shortage of preschools was eased. We improved the system of state financial aid to students, and established a system for giving students from poor families financial aid from preschool through graduate school. We spent approximately 100 billion yuan annually for this purpose and assisted nearly 80 million students. We implemented the policy of tuition-free secondary vocational education for all rural students and all urban students who study agriculture-related majors or are from poor families. The problem of providing compulsory education to children of rural migrants working in cities was basically solved, and 12.6 million children with rural residence status are now receiving compulsory education in cities. We implemented the plan for improving nutrition of rural students receiving compulsory education to the benefit of over 30 million students. We completed the project to improve the safety of primary and secondary school buildings. We sped up development of infrastructure for vocational and special education. The pay of teachers in compulsory education is now linked to their performance. Students majoring in education at teachers universities directly under the Ministry of Education were exempted from paying tuition, and the ranks of rural teachers were strengthened. The quality and level of education in China was comprehensively raised, and the gross college enrollment rate rose to 30%. The education level of the people was raised significantly, and the average length of schooling of people over the age of 15 now exceeds nine years.

We vigorously promoted innovation. The central government spent 872.9 billion yuan to develop science and technology in the past five years, with an average annual increase of over 18%. China's R&D spending accounted for 1.97% of GDP in 2012, up from 1.4% in 2007, and over 74% of this spending was made by companies. The Guidelines on Deepening Reform of the Management System for Science and Technology and Accelerating Development of a National Innovation System were adopted. We carried out a national technology innovation project and a knowledge innovation project, made solid progress in implementing major national R&D projects, and set up a number of national engineering centers, key laboratories and enterprise technology centers. We boosted basic research and research in frontier areas, made breakthroughs in a number of core and key technologies, and filled in gaps in many important products and equipment.

We implemented the strategy for making China strong through training competent personnel. We trained more personnel of all types, with the focus on high-level and highly skilled personnel. As a result, the number of personnel with special expertise and highly skilled personnel increased by 8.6 million and 8.8 million respectively. A total of 540,000 overseas students returned.

We put greater effort into developing the cultural sector. A network of public cultural facilities covering both urban and rural areas is taking shape, and all museums, libraries and cultural centers in China are open to the public free of charge. We basically transformed state-owned for-profit cultural institutions into business enterprises, and deepened reform of internal operating mechanisms of nonprofit cultural institutions. Philosophy and the social sciences, the press and publishing, radio, television and film, and literature and art are flourishing, and cultural industries developed rapidly. We made major progress in protecting cultural relics and preserving and passing on intangible cultural heritage. Cultural exchanges with other countries increased. New progress was made in nationwide fitness activities and competitive sports.

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